Data Loss Prevention (DLP)DLP Architecture Overview

DLP Architecture Overview

30 mins

Understanding the Concept

Microsoft 365 DLP operates through a unified policy framework that evaluates content across Exchange Online, SharePoint Online, OneDrive for Business, Microsoft Teams, and Windows/Mac endpoints.

DLP policies consist of rules that combine conditions (what to look for), exceptions (what to ignore), and actions (what to do when matched). Multiple rules can exist within a single policy with different severity levels.

The evaluation engine processes content at multiple points: when created, modified, shared, or moved. This ensures protection throughout the content lifecycle.

Key Points

  • Unified Policy Engine: One policy framework across all workloads
  • Real-time Evaluation: Content checked on creation, modification, sharing
  • Rule Hierarchy: Multiple rules with priority ordering
  • Override Options: User justification for legitimate business needs
  • Incident Reporting: Automatic alerts and reports for matches

DLP Evaluation Flow

Step 1

Content Created

User creates document, email, or chat message

Step 2

Policy Evaluation

Content scanned against active DLP policies

Step 3

Rule Matching

Conditions checked, SITs evaluated, exceptions applied

Step 4

Action Determination

Matched rule's action selected (notify, block, etc.)

Step 5

User Notification

Policy tip shown to user if configured

Step 6

Incident Logging

Match logged for reporting and investigation

Why This Matters in Real Organizations

Understanding the architecture helps in designing effective policies, troubleshooting issues, and explaining behavior to users. Knowing where and when evaluation occurs helps predict how policies will affect user experience.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Not understanding policy evaluation order
Expecting real-time sync across all workloads
Ignoring the content indexing dependency
Not planning for evaluation at rest vs in transit

Interview Tips

  • Explain the unified policy concept
  • Discuss workload-specific behaviors
  • Mention the evaluation trigger points

Exam Tips (SC-401)

  • Know which workloads support which DLP features
  • Understand policy processing order
  • Know the difference between policy modes (test, enforce)

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